Electric cars: Owned by few, subsidized by all
The following column is the opinion and analysis of the writer.
By Nicolas Loris
THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION
Imagine one day that your rich friend Becky FaceTimes you from San Francisco to show off her brand-new luxury car.
Congrats to Becky! She works hard for a living, and she earned that brand-new whip.
But then, when collecting your next paycheck, you notice Uncle Sam took part of your earnings to pay for Becky's car. To make matters worse, the next time you go to fill up your 15-year-old sedan at the gas station, you notice an extra charge at the pump to help pay for Becky's fuel.
That's not a fair system, but it's what's happening with electric- vehicle subsidies.
Both federal and state governments have generous handouts for electric vehicles. The federal tax credit extends up to $7,500.
Throw in state subsidies, and that figure can easily top $10,000.
Furthermore, utilities that stand to benefit from drivers plugging in for fuel are spending tens of millions of dollars on EV charging stations and billing the costs back to all ratepayers. And let's not forget, EV drivers don't pay any gas tax, which is literally highway robbery since the federal gas tax is supposed to pay for the Interstate Highway System.
Who's benefiting from this government-forced benevolence? The people who need help from other taxpayers and ratepayers the least. According to research from the University of California at Berkeley, 90% of the tax credits accrue to America's top income quintile. A May 2019 Congressional Research Service report found that 78% of the tax credit's recipients had an adjusted gross income of $100,000 per year or more.
Nearly half of all EV sales reside in one state: California. Count EV subsidies as another case of concentrating benefits to the elite and dispersing the costs among the rest of Americans.
As currently structured, the federal tax credit applies to the first 200,000 electric vehicles per manufacturer, and then a phase-out of the credit begins.
Two automakers, Tesla and GM, reached that threshold and are in the phase-out stage. Sen. Debbie Stabenow, D-Mich., is leading the charge to extend a $7,000 tax subsidy for an additional 400,000 vehicles per manufacturer. Other policymakers want to lift the cap altogether and extend the tax credit permanently. Some iteration could wind up in a larger tax-extenders package.
The setup of the per-manufacturer cap reflects an 'infant industry' justification: to help a new technology with some taxpayer-funded training wheels, then let it ride on its own. But the infant-industry argument is bogus in the first place. As economist Milton Friedman said, 'The so-called infants never grow up' because companies become dependent on the preferential treatment from Washington.
Alleged temporary credits instead become permanent fixtures in the tax code.
In addition, the market already provides plenty of economic opportunity for alternative fuel technologies. Collectively, Americans spend more than $300 billion per year on gas. Globally, both the electricity and the transportation-fuels markets are multitrillion-dollar markets.
That's more than enough incentive for an infant industry to turn into a giant (and quite quickly!) if they have a good product.
Any extension of the EV tax credit would be terrible for most American families. The extension would be massively expensive.
The Stabenow extension alone could cost taxpayers as much as $16 billion over the next 10 years, according to a recent study by Ernst& Young.
And the direct cost is just a small part of the overall economic harm. Extending the tax credit would continue to take decision rights away from car buyers and perpetuate the federal government's authority to nudge consumers to use the technology or fuel source of its choice. Each time the government presses its thumbs on the scales of production and consumption, it disempowers car-buyers and obstructs innovation.
Besides, having captive ratepayers cover the costs of recharging infrastructure through higher electricity bills for all ratepayers makes no sense. Some states are requiring utilities to put forth plans to do so. Proponents of such spending initiatives argue that consumers won't buy EVs if they have no place to re-charge them, thus creating a chicken-and-egg problem.
But economically viable technologies overcome the chicken-and-egg problem all the time. Consumers wouldn't buy cellphones if there were no cellphone towers. Cellphones used to be a luxury item 20 years ago, and now more than 5 billion people own them. The same can happen with EVs and charging stations if automakers produce cars people want to buy without help from Washington.
Polling consistently shows that EV subsidies are wildly unpopular, and the overwhelming majority of Americans don't even want to give a nickel to pay for someone else's car purchase. Extending the tax credit and increasing the cap would be an economic and political loser. Congress should pump the brakes on this cronyist handout that benefits the elite.
Nicolas Loris is deputy director of the Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies and the Morgan fellow in energy and environmental policy at the Heritage Foundation.
